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Markdown: Basics
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================
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Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax
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------------------------------------------------
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這頁提供了 Markdown 簡單的概觀給想使用的人, [語法說明][s] 頁提供了完整詳細的文件,說明每項功能,但是 Markdown 其實很簡單就可以上手,這頁文件提供了一些範例,並且每個範例都有提供輸出的 HTML 結果。
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其實直接試試看也是一個很不錯的方法, [Dingus][d] 是一個網頁應用程式,讓你可以把你的 Markdown 文件轉成 XHTML。
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**Note:** 這份文件本身也是用 Markdown 寫的,你也可以看看 [它的原始碼][src]
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[s]: http://markdown.tw "Markdown Syntax"
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[d]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus "Markdown Dingus"
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[src]: https://github.com/othree/markdown-syntax-zhtw/blob/master/basics.md
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## 段落、標題、區塊程式碼 ##
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一個段落是由一個以上的連接的行句組成,而一個以上的空行則會切分出不同的段落(空行的定義是顯示上看起來像是空行,就被視為空行,例如有一行只有空白和 tab,那該行也會被視為空行),一般的段落不需要用空白或斷行縮排。
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Markdown 支援兩種標題的語法,[Setext] [1] 和 [atx] [2] 形式。Setext 形式是用底線的形式,利用 `=` (最高階標題)和 `-` (第二階標題),Atx 形式在行首插入 1 到 6 個 `#` ,對應到標題 1 到 6 階。
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區塊引言則使用 email 形式的 '`>`' 角括號。
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Markdown:
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A First Level Header
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====================
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A Second Level Header
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---------------------
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Now is the time for all good men to come to
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the aid of their country. This is just a
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regular paragraph.
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The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
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dog's back.
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### Header 3
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> This is a blockquote.
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>
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> This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.
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>
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> ## This is an H2 in a blockquote
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輸出:
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<h1>A First Level Header</h1>
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<h2>A Second Level Header</h2>
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<p>Now is the time for all good men to come to
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the aid of their country. This is just a
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regular paragraph.</p>
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<p>The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
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dog's back.</p>
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<h3>Header 3</h3>
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<blockquote>
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<p>This is a blockquote.</p>
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<p>This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.</p>
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<h2>This is an H2 in a blockquote</h2>
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</blockquote>
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### 修辭和強調 ###
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Markdown 使用星號和底線來標記需要強調的區段。
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Markdown:
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Some of these words *are emphasized*.
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Some of these words _are emphasized also_.
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Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**.
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Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__.
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輸出:
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<p>Some of these words <em>are emphasized</em>.
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Some of these words <em>are emphasized also</em>.</p>
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<p>Use two asterisks for <strong>strong emphasis</strong>.
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Or, if you prefer, <strong>use two underscores instead</strong>.</p>
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## 清單 ##
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無序清單使用星號、加號和減號來做為清單的項目標記,這些符號是都可以使用的,使用星號:
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* Candy.
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* Gum.
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* Booze.
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加號:
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+ Candy.
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+ Gum.
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+ Booze.
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和減號
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- Candy.
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- Gum.
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- Booze.
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都會輸出:
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<ul>
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<li>Candy.</li>
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<li>Gum.</li>
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<li>Booze.</li>
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</ul>
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有序的清單則是使用一般的數字接著一個英文句點作為項目標記:
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1. Red
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2. Green
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3. Blue
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輸出:
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<ol>
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<li>Red</li>
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<li>Green</li>
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<li>Blue</li>
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</ol>
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如果你在項目之間插入空行,那項目的內容會備用 `<p>` 包起來,你也可以在一個項目內放上多個段落,只要在它前面縮排 4 個空白或 1 個 tab 。
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* A list item.
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With multiple paragraphs.
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* Another item in the list.
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輸出:
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<ul>
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<li><p>A list item.</p>
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<p>With multiple paragraphs.</p></li>
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<li><p>Another item in the list.</p></li>
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</ul>
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### 連結 ###
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Markdown 支援兩種形式的連結語法: *行內* 和 *參考* 兩種形式,兩種都是使用角括號來把文字轉成連結。
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行內形式形式是直接在後面用括號直接接上連結:
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This is an [example link](http://example.com/).
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輸出:
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<p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/">
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example link</a>.</p>
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你也可以選擇性的加上 title 屬性:
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This is an [example link](http://example.com/ "With a Title").
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輸出:
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<p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/" title="With a Title">
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example link</a>.</p>
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參考形式的連結讓你可以為連結定一個名稱,之後你可以在文件的其他地方定義該連結的內容:
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I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from
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[Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3].
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[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
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[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
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[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
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輸出:
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<p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
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title="Google">Google</a> than from <a href="http://search.yahoo.com/"
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title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a> or <a href="http://search.msn.com/"
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title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
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title 屬性是選擇性的,連結名稱可以用字母、數字和空格,但是不分大小寫:
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I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
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[The New York Times][NY Times].
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[ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/
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輸出:
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<p>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
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<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/">The New York Times</a>.</p>
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### 圖片 ###
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圖片的語法和連結很像。
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行內形式(title 是選擇性的):
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![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Title")
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參考形式:
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![alt text][id]
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[id]: /path/to/img.jpg "Title"
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上面兩種方法都會輸出:
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<img src="/path/to/img.jpg" alt="alt text" title="Title" />
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### 程式碼 ###
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在一般的段落文字中,你可以使用反引號 `` ` `` 來標記程式碼區段,區段內的 `&`、`<` 和 `>` 都會被自動的轉換成 HTML 實體,這項特性讓你可以很容易的在程式碼區段內插入 HTML 碼:
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I strongly recommend against using any `<blink>` tags.
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I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `—`
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instead of decimal-encoded entites like `—`.
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輸出:
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<p>I strongly recommend against using any
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<code><blink></code> tags.</p>
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<p>I wish SmartyPants used named entities like
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<code>&mdash;</code> instead of decimal-encoded
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entites like <code>&#8212;</code>.</p>
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如果要建立一個已經格式化好的程式碼區塊,只要每行都縮排 4 個空格或是一個 tab 就可以了,而 `&`、`<` 和 `>` 也一樣會自動轉成 HTML 實體。
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Markdown:
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If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
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you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:
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<blockquote>
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<p>For example.</p>
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</blockquote>
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輸出:
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<p>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
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you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:</p>
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<pre><code><blockquote>
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<p>For example.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</code></pre>
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